Variables | Groups (n = 141) | P valueg | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vit D (n = 24)a | Vit D + PA (n = 21)b | Vit C (n = 26)c | Vit C + PA (n = 23)d | Placebo (n = 25)e | Placebo + PA (n = 22)f | ||
Age (years) | 40.5 ± 5.9 | 40.4 ± 5.9 | 41.2 ± 5.8 | 40.8 ± 5.8 | 42.6 ± 5.6 | 41.6 ± 6.4 | .812 |
Female (%) | 67 | 67 | 62 | 70 | 48 | 59 | .725 |
Family history of obesity (%) | 75 | 81 | 65 | 65 | 76 | 50 | .314 |
Family history of DM (%) | 50 | 67 | 46 | 35 | 60 | 41 | .321 |
Family history of BP (%) | 58 | 62 | 46 | 57 | 60 | 41 | .753 |
Weight (kg) | 84.2 ± 16.7 | 81.7 ± 9.6 | 81 ± 13.2 | 79.7 ± 13.6 | 82.3 ± 14 | 74.9 ± 12.7 | .354 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 33.1 ± 5.9 | 33.4 ± 4.3 | 32 ± 6.1 | 32.3 ± 5.9 | 32.8 ± 4.3 | 30.1 ± 4.7 | .475 |
WC (cm) | 109.2 ± 8 | 108.5 ± 7.7 | 108.2 ± 10.4 | 107.8 ± 8.7 | 107.6 ± 9.6 | 111.5 ± 10.2 | .824 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 108 ± 17.1 | 106 ± 11.8 | 106.6 ± 19.9 | 104 ± 13.7 | 110.6 ± 17.2 | 106.2 ± 18.1 | .871 |
SBP (mmHg) | 127.1 ± 11.5 | 129 ± 12.7 | 130.2 ± 12 | 129 ± 11.4 | 125.6 ± 14.5 | 128.6 ± 10.8 | .810 |
DBP (mmHg) | 79.8 ± 9.5 | 83.6 ± 9.4 | 81.3 ± 8.3 | 79.3 ± 7.1 | 80 ± 6.9 | 82.5 ± 5.9 | .421 |
TC (mg/dL) | 173.5 ± 60.8 | 194.7 ± 32.2 | 174.8 ± 41.5 | 178.3 ± 29.8 | 185.9 ± 39 | 149 ± 35.8 | .326 |
TG (mg/dL) | 229.3 ± 113.8 | 184.5 ± 98.5 | 268.4 ± 107.2* | 176.1 ± 87.4 | 147.4 ± 43 | 161.7 ± 70.1 | .001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 120.7 ± 64.4† | 149.6 ± 35.8 | 114.5 ± 47.5 | 135.5 ± 32.7 | 150.4 ± 39.8 | 153.5 ± 38.4 | .007 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 34.9 ± 17.3 | 40.9 ± 14.4 | 33 ± 13.5 | 37.6 ± 11** | 30 ± 8.5 | 40.8 ± 16.5 | .046 |
Vit D (ng/mL) | 10.8 ± 2.8 | 10.4 ± 3.2 | – | – | 12.2 ± 4 | 11 ± 4 | .434 |
Vit C (ng/mL) | – | – | .9 ± .4 | .8 ± .3 | 1 ± .3 | .9 ± .3 | .320 |